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Il ya 22 ans ,les évènements du 5 Octobre 1988 :Révolution ou manipulation ? - Algerie360
Les événements du 5 octobre 1988 marquent l’aboutissement de la lutte que s’étaient livrés, juste après la mort de Houari Boumediene, conservateurs et réformateurs pour le contrôle total du pouvoir.
Et quand bien précéderaient-ils une série de soulèvements populaires sporadiques ayant secoué la Kabylie, en 1980, puis Oran en 1984, et Constantine et Sétif en 1986, ces événements ne sont pas à inscrire dans une logique de confrontation entre les masses populaires et la classe dirigeante.
Bien au contraire, les émeutes d’octobre étaient si bien organisées que l’on a compris assez vite que l’objectif des commanditaires était, sinon de mettre fin au bicéphalisme qui caractérisait la gestion politique du pays, du moins affaiblir le parti unique et ses nombreuses organisations satellites (organisations de masse et unions professionnelles) qui exerçaient alors un règne sans partage sur la vie publique et l’économie du pays.
L’analyse des événements qui ont précédé ces journées de troubles conforte la thèse de la manipulation des foules ainsi que la volonté du courant libéral, représenté par le président Chadli Bendjedid et les forces qui l’ont placé à la tête de l’Etat, après le décès de Houari Boumediene,
d’en finir avec la rigidité du parti unique et le système de pensée hégémonique qu’il véhicule, notamment sa conception dépassée de la gestion de l’économie et son refus de reconnaître les autres «tendances» politiques dont l’influence ne cessait pourtant de grandir dans la société.
Tout a commencé le 19 septembre 1988, lorsque Chadli Bendjedid, dans un discours peu habituel, invite les Algériens à se révolter contre les augmentations des prix, tout en fustigeant le parti et le gouvernement pour leur immobilisme face à la situation de crise qui s’était installée depuis des mois dans le pays. Plusieurs jours auparavant, des rumeurs persistantes ont commencé à circuler à propos d’une marche sur Alger que comptaient organiser les 10 000 ouvriers du complexe Snvi de Rouiba.
D’autres bruits couraient que «ça allait barder le 5 octobre», préparant la population à une confrontation de rue dont elle ne connaissait ni les tenants ni les aboutissants.
En secret, plusieurs militants du Pags clandestin sont arrêtés par la police politique et torturés dans plusieurs centres, dont le fameux bois de Sidi Fredj. De nombreux autres activistes de partis «tolérés» connaîtront le même sort. La nuit du 3 octobre, des émeutes sporadiques éclatent dans le quartier populaire de Bab El Oued.
Le 4 octobre, c’est toute la ville d’Alger-Centre qui est livrée aux jeunes délinquants, à l’exception de quelques quartiers fortement surveillés par la police, laquelle, curieusement, avait disparu des rues. Les magasins d’entreprises publiques sont saccagés, quelques édifices et parcs de véhicules brûlés sans que la police réagisse.
Seuls quelques agents des services de sécurité étaient affairés à filmer, dans la plus grande discrétion, les pilleurs qui s’en prenaient pratiquement à tout ce qui avait de la valeur. Les biens privés sont épargnés. Comme une traînée de poudre, les émeutes gagnent les villages et les villes limitrophes, dont Blida, siège de la première Région militaire. Pour minimiser les troubles, un des dignitaires du parti unique parlera de «chahut de gamins».
La réalité est tout autre : les émeutes du 5 octobre et les journées qui lui ont succédé ont provoqué des milliards de dégâts et causé des centaines de morts et blessés. De nombreux citoyens furent en outre affreusement torturés.
Les événements gagnent en ampleur, et le président Chadli décrète l’état de siège, ordonnant à l’armée de se déployer dans les villes pour ramener le calme. La mission est confiée à Abdallah Belhouchet, alors inspecteur général des armées et à Khaled Nezzar.
Le 10 octobre, les islamistes, qui ont joué un rôle non négligeable dans les révoltes de quartiers, décident de sortir au grand jour en organisant une imposante marche qui les mènera de Kouba
à Bab El Oued, précisément devant le siège de la Sûreté nationale, protégé par des chars de l’armée. Là, un coup de feu part en direction des militaires, et c’est le massacre à la mitrailleuse. Officiellement, il y eut en tout quelque 121 morts. Des sources donnent le chiffre effarant de 500 morts, sinon davantage.
Le calme revient peu à peu et, devant les militants du FLN réunis en congrès, le 6e du genre, Chadli dit assumer «devant Dieu et les hommes» l’entière responsabilité de ce qu’a pu commettre l’armée. «Si j’avais laissé faire, que serait-il arrivé au pays ?», avait-il déclaré devant les congressistes.
Les événements du 5 octobre sont intervenus dans une période où l’Algérie était sujette à de fréquentes pénuries de produits alimentaires. Celles-ci étaient provoquées à dessein, confirment de nombreuses sources, et ce, pour alimenter la colère des citoyens envers le système.
La chute des recettes pétrolières, intervenue dès 1985, rendait illusoire toute reprise économique. L’espoir d’«une vie meilleure» était balayé, le pays étant pratiquement au bord de la paralysie.
Politiquement, les réformes par petites touches qui ont caractérisé la période 1980-1990, décidées dans le but d’asseoir un nouveau modèle économique, dont on savait qu’il ne manquera de provoquer d’inévitables changements au niveau social, n’avançaient guère, les entreprises étant plutôt préoccupées par l’obsolescence de leur outil de production et leur incapacité à satisfaire des besoins internes de plus en plus importants.
Les blocages ont exacerbé les contradictions, et les escarmouches se sont transformées en véritable guerre de tranchées qui atteindra son acmé le 5 octobre 1988.
La manipulation a si bien fonctionné qu’au cri de révolte des Algériens, qui aspiraient tout simplement à vivre dans la dignité, s’est substitué le besoin d’ouvrir la voie grande à l’expression des sensibilités politiques et à la création des partis.
Par Ali L.