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Algérie - Etats-Unis: Visas pour «coupables d’émigration» - Algerie360
Le Consulat américain, à Alger, a délivré, l’année dernière, 5500 visas sur les 8000 demandes qui lui ont été adressées. La Consule en poste fait savoir en outre, qu’elle a reçu quatre demandes d’asile politique.
Quatre demandes d’asile politique ont été aussi in troduites l’année dernière, selon la consule américaine, par des familles dont une femme qui a déclaré que son mari a été assassiné durant les années 90. «Sa demande a tardé pour aboutir parce qu’il fallait qu’on fasse des investigations,» a expliqué Julie Stinehart.
Une de ces demandes a été faite, ajoute- elle, par une personne qui avait eu son visa touristique mais une fois arrivée aux Etats- Unis, «elle a déposé une demande d’asile politique. «Les quatre demandes ont été acceptées, » a affirmé la Consule. Les 8000 demandes globales de visas proviennent, a-t-elle précisé par ailleurs, de personnes qui ne cherchent pas à émigrer aux Etats-Unis. 2500 parmi ces demandes ont été rejetées dont 3% d’étudiants.
Ces derniers semblent faire l’objet d’une attention particulière de la part des responsables consulaires américains en raison des soupçons qui pèsent sur eux parce que considérés comme candidats potentiels à l’émigration. «On pose beaucoup de questions parce que ces jeunes n’ont pas d’attache solide avec leur pays, l’Algérie, c’est pour cela qu’on craint qu’ils veulent le visa pour s’installer aux Etats-Unis,» pense la Consule. Sur une demande globale de visas pour étudiants, elle comptabilise 50% de rejets.
«La plupart de ces rejets concernent les demandes pour des séjours linguistiques de pas plus d’un mois,» a dit la Consule lors d’un point de presse qu’elle a animé, hier, conjointement avec le vice-consul au siège de l’ambassade américaine à Alger. «Pour qu’un étudiant algérien obtienne le visa américain, il faudrait qu’il y soit qualifié,» dit le vice consul.
Ron Ward explique que pour l’être «il faut avoir un plan d’études bien précis et bien clair, préciser ses intentions visà- vis des études prévues, préciser comment utiliser les connaissances acquises dans ce cadre, dans quel but, pour quel objectif. » L’étudiant doit, selon le viceconsul, prouver son degré d’attachement avec son pays d’origine et ses intentions de le faire bénéficier de sa formation.
Pour lui, un étudiant, qui postule pour un séjour linguistique d’un mois, n’aura pas son visa parce qu’il estime qu’«un mois pour apprendre l’anglais, c’est trop court. En plus, les étudiants, qui le demandent, viennent avec des connaissances en anglais très faibles et très limitées.» L’étudiant lésé pourra, selon lui, introduire une autre demande.
«Si durant la première interview qu’il a eue, il n’a pas pu convaincre, il est possible qu’il puisse le faire dans la seconde interview, parce que chacune a ses spécificités, il se pourrait que l’officier soit convaincu de la demande quand elle est adressée pour la deuxième fois,» indique-t-il.
La Consule tiendra a précisé que pratiquement 100% des demandes d’étudiants en 2ème et 3ème cycle universitaire (post-graduation) sont par contre acceptées. «Elles le sont parce que leurs demandeurs ont des plans bien précis qu’ils défendent bien,» affirme Julie Stinehart.
En tout état de cause, les diplomates américains s’accordent à dire que «tout demandeur de visa non migrant doit répondre à un questionnaire standard bien précis. «Les lois américaines relatives à la délivrance du visa font peser la présomption de culpabilité sur tous les demandeurs sans exception,» note le viceconsul. «Il faut donc que tous prouvent qu’ils ne partent pas aux Etats-Unis pour émigrer.
Il faut qu’ils en convainquent les officiers qui mènent l’interview avec eux,» recommande Ron Ward. Avec ça, le questionnaire standard n’est pas déterminant pour l’obtention du visa, mais, ajoute-il «il y contribue.» Ainsi, tout demandeur de visa doit , affirme la Consule «avoir en main un plan de carrière bien précis, un domicile fixe, un salaire décent, tout ce qui prouve en fait qu’il va revenir dans son pays même si certains ne le feront pas après être partis.»
Les diplomates américains affirment accorder des visas en Algérie aux hommes d’affaires, aux responsables de firmes internationales, aux médecins «desquels on reçoit beaucoup de demandes pour assister aux congrès de diverses spécialités», aux artistes, aux étudiants, aux agriculteurs, aux travailleurs temporaires, pour des formations, pour des congrès et autres voyages d’affaires. «Nous accordons tous types de visas à partir d’Alger,» affirme la Consule.
Les demandeurs pour un visa touristique doivent eux aussi répondre «au questionnaire standard, ce sont les premières réponses que nous exigeons, après cela, on passe à d’autres questions auxquelles nous tenons à avoir des réponses précises et convaincantes, » dit Julie Stinehart.
Les demandeurs, qui voient leur visa refusé, peuvent introduire des recours par mail ou par courrier postal. «Je revois moimême les demandes avec les officiers interviewers ou avec le vice-consul,» dit la Consule. «Les demandes rejetées par mes soins peuvent être réexaminées à un niveau plus haut, par la chargée d’affaires de l’ambassade par exemple,» ajoute-elle. Elle souligne qu’il ya aussi la possibilité pour le demandeur lésé de réintroduire une nouvelle demande.
Ghania Oukazi
ATTENTION À L’ARNAQUE La Consule américaine a noté hier que les agences de voyages ne peuvent en aucun cas introduire une demande de visa à la place de la personne concernée. «Ces agences de voyages n’ont rien à voir avec le processus de délivrance du visa américain ni avec l’obtention d’un RDV pour en introduire la demande», explique Julie Stinehart. «Le RDV est gratuit, il suffit d’aller sur le site web de l’ambassade // algiers.usembassay.gov/visas.html pour l’avoir», dit-elle.
«C’est gratuit, alors que les agences de voyages demandent des sommes faramineuses pour le faire, c’est de l’arnaque, c’est du vol !», s’estelle exclamée. La Consule conseille de «s’y prendre à l’avance pour demander un visa américain, pour un voyage prévu pour l’année d’après, ce serait plus facile d’en traiter la demande ».
Ses services enregistrent, selon elle, 40 à 50 demandes de RDV par jour en plus des requêtes d’urgence pour cause de maladie, de voyages d’affaires ou de concours d’étudiants. «On est en train d’enregistrer 200 à 300 demandes de plus chaque année», fait-elle savoir. Pour l’année 2010-2011, 2000 visas devaient être délivrés conformément aux demandes qui ont été introduites et acceptées. «Mais nous n’avons reçu la confirmation que de seulement 997 d’entre elles», dit la Consule.
G. O.
UNE LOTERIE POUR DÉCROCHER LE VISA Les services consulaires américains en Algérie ont accordé 2.000 visas, au titre du tirage au sort de la loterie. La consule a tenu hier néanmoins, à expliquer «les problèmes qui ont marqué le dernier tirage au sort.» Elle explique que «comme son nom l’indique, c’est un tirage au sort, une loterie, donc c’est une sélection aléatoire, mais il y a eu un dysfonctionnement dans le dernier tirage, c’est pour cela qu’il a été refait.»
Ce qui, selon elle, a pris du temps. «Nous vous présentons toutes nos excuses et nous affirmons que nous sommes profondément désolés pour ce contretemps,» dit la consule aux «joueurs» qui n’ont pas été tirés au sort.
G. O.