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Anniversaire du déclenchement de la guerre de libération - Makouda: Un bastion de la lutte contre le colonialisme - Algerie360
Par Kamel BOUDJADI
La région de Makouda a été imprégnée de politique aux premières années de la naissance du Mouvement national.
Makouda est située entre la vallée d’Amraoua et le littoral. Intimement liée à Dellys à l’ouest et les Aït Ouaguenoun à l’est. La région a été marquée et a marqué l’histoire de la colonisation française par des traces indélébiles. Ses enfants, peu bavards et préférant la discrétion, ont dès les premiers pas de l’armée coloniale en Algérie donné leurs vies pour la stopper ou la faire reculer. Le langage des armes de la guerre de libération, dans la région, n’a pas commencé en 1954. Une dizaine d’années plutôt, en 1945, des hommes ont désobéi à l’administration coloniale et ont rejoint le maquis avant l’heure. Un voyage dans cette histoire nous a été permis par des témoignages d’acteurs de cette époque encore vivants. L’assistance précieuse du producteur de documentaires historiques et archiviste Youcef Limani nous a également été d’un apport considérable. Les lieux, les faits, et les témoignages des hommes et femmes parlent encore de cette période allant de la bataille de Staouéli, à la bataille de Taouerga et jusqu’à celle d’Azrou Ouguettouf qui a clôturé ce passage sombre de l’armée coloniale.
Des jeunes prennent le maquis en 1945
En 1939 Amar Besalah Amar N Ali N Hand, né en 1902, crée la première cellule du PPA à Agouni Hamiche, à Makouda, en compagnie de Moh Saïd Kasmi Hamouche M. Saïd, Hamouche Said et Chabni Saïd. En 1945 quatre jeunes rejoignent le maquis pour des raisons différentes, mais toutes relatives à l’insoumission aux diktats de l’administration coloniale: Akli Babou né en 1910 et mort en 1955, Semaoun dit Ahmed Hand Ousmaïl 1910- 1956, Ali Rabia dit Azzoug 1912-1952, Amar Lvachir 1912- 1954. Selon des témoignages recueillis, Akli Babou rappelé pour une seconde fois pour le service militaire, refusa d’y aller. Recherché pour insoumission, il se réfugie dans la forêt de Lemghsel située entre Makouda et Sidi Naâmane. Puis Hand Ousmaïl et Amar Lvachir. Ali Rabia, jeune vendeur de journaux à Makouda et le distribue aux militants du PPA ramené de Dellys. Recherché, il rejoint ses trois camarades. Krim Belkacem les a rejoints en 1947, deux ans plus tard, puis Amar Ouamrane.
Onze des 25 participants à la réunion de Bruxelles sont de Makouda
La région de Makouda a été imprégnée de politique aux premières années de la naissance du Mouvement national. A la réunion de Bruxelles en août 1954, 11 sur les 25 participants sont partis de Makouda avec instruction de Krim Belkacem qui était là depuis 1947. Amar Louis et Moh Akli Kasri, les deux moudjahidine qui ont pris part à la réunion, racontent comme si cela datait juste d’hier. La réunion d’avant leur départ s’est tenue à Tifilkout, à Ichariouen sur les hauteurs de Makouda avec Krim Belkacem. «J’ai été à la réunion et à notre arrivée à Bruxelles, nous avons été arrêtés par la police. Nous avons passé une nuit au commissariat. Le lendemain à notre sortie, un émissaire est venu nous dire qu’il y a un homme qui va passer devant vous en clinquant les clés dans sa main. On devait juste le suivre sans lui parler. Ce que nous avons fait jusqu’à la porte d’un café qui appartient à Khider, qui deviendra ministre après l’indépendance», raconte Akli Kasri. Le bruit des clés était toujours dans son esprit. Il ne perd aucun détail. Son ami Amar Lounis, se rappelle aussi que les 11 autres hommes partis à Bruxelles étaient originaires de Draâ El Mizan. Les trois autres sont des centralistes et ont voté contre l’action armée. Il s’agit, selon nos interlocuteurs, de Mustapha Lahouel, responsable à l’armement, Mhamed Mezghenna a voté contre alors qu’il était le responsable des finances et Moulay Merbah le troisième à voter contre l’action armée.
120 hommes pour la nuit du 1er Novembre dans l’Algérois
Lounès Boutlenj, ancien moudjahid encore vivant est l’un des hommes choisis par Moh Saïd Kasmi sur demande de Krim Belkacem pour aller à Alger, Blida et Boufarik pour prendre part aux actions de la nuit du 31 octobre. «Nous étions 120 à monter dans des camions pour être accueillis par Amar Ouamrane. Kasri nous avait instruit de ne pas emporter des mitraillettes, mais juste des pistolets pour ne pas se faire repérer. Une fois à Alger, nous avons été dispatchés en groupes de trois et quatre. A bord de camions, nous avons été envoyés vers des casernes ciblées pour la nuit à Boufarik et d’autres régions de Blida», De son côté, Omar Samet, moudjahid de Boufarik, raconte l’arrivée de ces jeunes guerriers kabyles disposés à mettre le feu partout. «Nous les avons transportés dans des camions avec Kanoun Boualem, un homme respecté à Boufarik. Il en a emmené 10 à Blida», raconte-t-il. Selon les témoins encore vivants et qui sont désormais portés dans le documentaire du réalisateur Youcef Limani, la demande a été faite par Rabah Bitat, responsable à l’époque de l’Algérois. Il avait demandé des renforts à Krim Belkacem. Chose que ce dernier a demandé à Saïd Kasmi d’Agouni Hamich à Makouda.
Premier ratissage de l’armée coloniale
Le 30 octobre, 120 hommes volontaires sont fin prêts pour les actions du déclenchement de la guerre de libération dans l’Algérois. L’armée coloniale sort, pour la première fois dans la guerre de libération, ses avions le 14 novembre 1954. Plusieurs villages de Makouda, Tighremt, Attouche, Tala Bouzrou sont bombardés. Les populations locales qui ont embrassé la lutte armée découvrent pour la première fois cette machine infernale qui décime des villages entiers par les bombes et le feu. La poursuite des rebelles s’est poursuivie et le 18 du même mois, les avions reviennent avec des bombardements qui touchent plus de villages. La zone comprend donc Makouda, Tala Bouzrou, Tarihant et Yaskren.
La bataille d’Azrou Ouguettouf
Elle a eu lieu les 10 et 11 octobre 1961. Les témoignages sont encore vivaces d’hommes et de femmes qui ont pris part à cette bataille où l’armée coloniale a utilisé ses avions et son armada militaires pour débusquer d’un abri moins d’une vingtaine de moudjahidine. Belmiloud Amar et Aouchiche Ahmed sont deux moudjahidine sortis vivants de cette bataille qui a duré 38 heures. Un cauchemar pour les villageois de Tala Bouzrou car Azrou Ouguettouf est un grand rocher situé sur les hauteurs du village.
Les abris qu’il cache dans ses entrailles en ont fait un refuge pour les combattants depuis longtemps.
Cette matinée du 10 octobre, rien n’indiquait que le village allait vivre l’horreur durant deux longues journées et une nuit cauchemardesque. Benmiloud Amar et Aouchiche Ahmed raconte qu’un maquisard a été blessé à Ighil et est venu se réfugier à Azrou Ouguettouf. Les militaires qui l’ont blessé l’ont poursuivi et ont repéré le lieu. Très vite encerclé, Azrou Ouguettouf sera le théâtre d’une bataille sanglante entre 16 combattants de l’ALN et les contingents de militaires dépêchés sur les lieux accompagnés d’avions. Les moudjahidine se retranchent dans l’abri. «La nuit, après le retour au calme, poursuit notre interlocuteur, les yeux perdus dans le souvenir, nous avons tenté de sortir. Certains réussiront à s’exfiltrer entre les broussailles qui entourent le rocher, mais d’autres sont restés à l’intérieur à cause des tirs de l’armée française qui a repéré nos mouvements.
Le moudjahid blessé sorti pour respirer fut abattu par un tir d’un militaire embusqué. A l’aube, alors que la lumière n’était pas arrivée, nous avons tenté un forcing et un grand accrochage a eu lieu. Nous perdrons quatre hommes, Amirouche Mohamed Moh N Blanchit, Rebib Moh Akli (Moh N Mhand), Bentoumi Belaïd en plus de Boukfoussa le blessé qui s’était réfugié. La bataille prit fin, mais le village de Tala Bouzrou est loin d’en connaître l’épilogue.» Les corps des moudjahidine tués sont transportés dans une jeep de l’armée vers le village. Exposés à la fontaine, les villageois sont invités à assister au spectacle atroce. Tassadit Boukfoussa, soeur d’un des combattants tués raconte les yeux en larmes comment elle reconnut son frère. «Il portait encore les chaussures qu’il avait ramenées de France. Je les ai reconnues sur ses pieds qui débordaient de la benne du véhicule militaire. Leurs corps sont jetés dans un ravin. Ils ne seront récupérés qu’une fois la guerre terminée. Je me souviens avoir reconnu le crâne de mon frère. C’est moi qui l’ai recueilli de mes propres mains», raconte-t-elle en pleurs. Ainsi, l’armée coloniale ne tardera pas à embarquer, laissant les villages de Makouda et toute l’Algérie devant un autre défi, la reconstruction. Une reconstruction économique moins difficile que la reconstruction psychologique des populations. La région pour rappel, est sortie de la guerre avec l’un des nombres les plus élevés d’orphelins de guerre.