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Cela s’est passé un 23 février 1920 … Naissance de Benyoucef Benkhedda - Algerie360
Militant dès son jeune âge, Benkhedda endossera plusieurs responsabilités au sein du FLN durant la Guerre de libération et sera président du troisième GPRA.
Né le 23 février 1920 à Berrouaghia (Médéa), Benyoucef Benkhedda dont le père est magistrat, fréquente l’école coranique et l’école française. Il milite très jeune dans les scouts musulmans et au lycée Duveyrier (Ibn Rochd aujourd’hui) à Blida, il fait la connaissance de plusieurs pionniers du nationalisme algérien dont Mohamed Lamine Debaghine, Saad Dahlab, Abane Ramdane, Ali Boumendjel et M’hamed Yazid. C’est donc tout naturellement qu’il milite au sein du mouvement estudiantin avant d’adhérer à un parti.
Après des études de pharmacie à Alger, il s’établit à Blida comme pharmacien et milite donc dans les rangs du PPA clandestin.
En avril 1943, il est arrêté à Blida et torturé dans les locaux de la DST pour avoir fait campagne contre la conscription des algériens pour combattre l’Allemagne dans le cadre de l’affaire dite « des insoumis de Blida ». Il purge huit mois de prison sans jugement et à sa sortie est incorporé de force dans l’armée française.
En 1946, sous la direction de Hocine Lahouel, il appartient, au comité de rédaction du journal du parti, La Nation algérienne, avec Aïssat Idir et Abdelmalek Temmam. C’est en cette qualité qu’il prend part au premier congrès du PPA-MTLD réunit les 15 et 16 février 1947 à Alger, et qu’il devient membre du Comité central.
Cette même année, il est nommé responsable de l’édition francophone du journal bilingue El Maghreb el arabi, proche des thèses défendues par le parti, aux côtés de M’hammed Ben M’Hel
Lorsqu’en août 1949 paraît L’Algérie libre, le nouvel organe officiel du MTLD, Ben Khedda est chargé d’en superviser la rédaction ; en même temps, il préside la commission centrale de propagande et d’information.
Au mois d’août 1951, après avoir obtenu son diplôme de pharmacien, il remplace Hocine Lahouel, démissionnaire, au post de secrétaire général.
Trois mois après le deuxième congrès, tenu Place de Chartres, à Alger, les 4, 5 et 6 avril 1953, le Comité central le confirme à ce poste peu de temps après, juste avant que n’éclate le différend avec Messali Hadj auquel il rend visite à Niort, en juillet et en août. Ben Khedda va se trouver au cœur de la tourmente, avec Lahouel.
Le congrès des 13 et 16 août 1954, qui se réunit à la Pêcherie d’Alger à l’initiative du seul courant centraliste, le consolide à son poste. Mais la scission du parti est consommée.
Deux mois et demi plus tard éclate l’insurrection du 1er novembre 1954. Ben Khedda et des dizaines d’autres cadres du MTLD sont aussitôt arrêtés. Lorsqu’il recouvre la liberté, en avril 1955, Ben Khedda est contacté par Abane, chef de l’organisation FLN à Alger. Il adhère aussitôt au Front, entraînant dans son sillage la plupart des autres « centralistes ».
Il collabore étroitement avec Abane et appelle auprès de lui Saâd Dahleb. Avec ce dernier, il s’occupe du lancement d’El Moudjahid, l’organe officiel du FLN.
Au congrès de la Soummam (août 1956) auquel il ne participe pas, il est nommé à la fois membre titulaire du CNRA et membre du CCE. Avec Abane et Ben M’hidi, il forme le triumvirat qui supervise directement l’organisation et le fonctionnement de la Zone Autonome d’Alger (ZAA). En même temps, il est chargé au sein du CEE des liaisons avec les wilayas, la Fédération de France et la Délégation extérieure du FLN.
Après l’assassinat de Ben M’hidi par les soldats de Bigeard, il quitte Alger, début mars, en même temps que les autres rescapés du CCE. En compagnie de Krim, il gagne Tunis par la route du maquis. Privé de l’appui de Abane, désormais isolé parmi ses pairs, il est évincé du CCE en août 1957 ainsi que Dahlab. Mais il demeure membre du CNRA. Il est, un certain temps, chef de la mission du FLN à Londres.
A la formation du GPRA en septembre 1958, il est nommé ministre des Affaires sociales. Il ne fait pas partie du deuxième GPRA (janvier 1960- août 1961), mais succède à Ferhat Abbas à la tête du troisième (28 août 1961). C’est sous son gouvernement qu’aboutissent les négociations de paix avec la France.
Mais à la réunion du CNRA qui débute le 27 mai 1962, la crise du FLN éclate au grand jour. Et, de nouveau, Ben Khedda va se retrouver au centre d’un autre conflit dressant, celui-là, l’état-major général (EMG), soutenu par Ben Bella, contre l’autorité du GPRA. En fait, c’est la lutte pour le pouvoir qui s’exacerbe à l’approche du référendum d’indépendance.
Lorsque le 30 juin 1962, Ben Khedda destitue les membres de l’EMG, la marche vers l’affrontement fratricide est déjà irréversible.
Totalement impuissant devant l’accélération dramatique des événements, il s’efface peu à peu du devant de la scène. Le GPRA s’étant complètement effiloché (démission d’Aït Ahmed et de Dahlab, arrestation puis libération de Bentobal et de Boudiaf, ralliement des autres ministres à Ben Bella ou à Krim), ce sont désormais deux groupes qui se disputent l’Algérie sans merci : e groupe de Tlemcen (Ben Bella, l’EMG, Ferhat Abbas et les wilaya I, V et VI) et le groupe de Tizi Ouzou (Krim, Boudiaf, les wilaya II et III, plus la Zone Autonome d’Alger et la Fédération de France), qui se sont constitués respectivement les 11 et 25 juillet 1962.
Profondément affecté par les confrontations sanglantes qui se produisent les 3, 4 et 5 septembre 1962, Ben Khedda se retire discrètement de la vie publique.
En mars 1976, il fait une apparition en signant, avec Ferhat Abbas, Cheikh Kheireddine et Hocine Lahouel, un document qui dénonce le système Boumediene et ses méthodes. Il est assigné à résidence chez lui. Le 24 juillet 1989, avec A. Kiouane, A. Benhamida, T. Gaïd et Z. Ihaddaden, il crée un mouvement politique d’opposition qui prône l’établissement de la société algérienne sur des bases islamiques. Ce parti de tendance islamiste modérée est agréé par le ministère de l’Intérieur en 1990 sous le nom d’El Oumma et Ben Khedda en est le président.
Le 30 mars 1997, le secrétariat exécutif d’El Oumma décide de l’autodissolution du mouvement. Benyoucef Benkhedda, marqué par l’âge et les déceptions politiques, se consacre à la pratique religieuse et à l’écriture.
Entre 1986 et 2002, il publie « Les Accords d’Évian » (OPU, Alger, 1986) ; « Les origines du 1er novembre 1954 » (éd. Dahlab, Alger, 1989) ; « L’Algérie à l’indépendance : la crise de 1962 » (Dahlab, Alger, 1997) ; «Abane-Ben M’hidi, leur apport à la révolution algérienne » (éd Dahlab, Alger, 2000) ; et «Alger, capitale de la résistance 1956-1957 » (éd. Houma, Alger, 2002).
Benyoucef Benkhedda décède à Alger le 4 février 2003, des suites d’une longue maladie. Il sera inhumé au cimetière de Sidi Yahia, accompagné d’une foule nombreuse pour un dernier hommage.
Sources :
« Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l’Algérie », par Achour Cheurfi. Editions ANEP, 2007.
//www.vitaminedz.org
« Dictionnaire biographique de militants nationalistes algériens. 1926-1954 », par Benjamain Stora. L’Harmattan, 1985.