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Céréales : Des sanctions contre les transformateurs indélicats - Algerie360
L’Office pourrait recourir à des approvisionnements d’appoint en blé dur et tendre pour maintenir un stock minimum de sécurité pour une durée de cinq mois
« 100 % des transformateurs reçoivent leurs quotas de blé tendre dans le cadre de ces nouvelles dispositions décidées à l’issue du CIM du 8 janvier courant pour faire face aux besoins du marché ». Aussi, « l’Office dispose de suffisamment de stocks pour assurer la disponibilité du produit jusqu’à la fin du deuxième trimestre 2011 ».
Le directeur général de l’OAIC qui a fait cette déclaration, hier, sur les ondes de la Chaîne III a affirmé, toutefois, « qu’à court terme, l’Office pourrait effectuer des approvisionnements d’appoint en blés tendre et dur pour assurer la maintenance d’un stock minimum de sécurité jusqu’à cinq mois». Les importations devraient ainsi permettre de renouveler les stocks et faire la jonction entre deux campagnes agricoles. A propos de la tension qui a affecté le produit de la farine, M. Nourredine Kehal a affirmé que l’Office a pris une série de mesures destinées à réguler la filière à travers la mise en œuvre, dès cette année, d’actes de production liant les coopératives et les transformateurs.
Ces conventions définissent les conditions et les modalités de mise à disposition des meuniers des quantités et les calendriers d’approvisionnement sur la base de leurs capacités de transformation. Cette démarche inscrite dans le cadre du dialogue initié entre les différents acteurs de la filière céréalière vise à « démarquer le transformateur de son statut de client pour l’amener à devenir un partenaire de production ce qui permettra de dépasser largement le quota des 60% fixés par l’Etat », dira M. Kehal qui annoncera le lancement d’une convention similaire devant lier les transformateurs et les boulangers ce qui permettra de « suivre le cheminement du produit, son utilisation et son volume » a déclaré le DG de l’OAIC. Dans le même contexte, l’intervenant a affirmé que l’office a distribué 40 millions de quintaux de blé tendre en 2010 soit une augmentation de 8 à 10% par rapport à 2009 (31 millions de quintaux).
Concernant l’orge qui constitue l’alimentation complémentaire du bétail en l’absence de pâturages naturels, l’OAIC a mis sur le marché 7,5 millions de quintaux de ce produit en 2010. Une quantité de 5,3 millions de quintaux sera accordée aux éleveurs cette année pour faire face à leurs besoins sachant que les zones pastorales ont enregistré, l’année précédente, une sécheresse d’où la spéculation sur le prix de l’orge et les déviations de ce produit sur le marché. Pour atténuer cette tension et lutter contre l’informel, l’Office avait mis en place en 2010, au niveau des CCLS, des commissions constituées des directeurs des chambres de l’agriculture, des représentants de l’UNPA, des directeurs des DSA et des CCLS ayant pour mission d’identifier les listes des bénéficiaires et arrêter les quotas à attribuer pour chaque éleveur soit des quantités d’un mois renouvelable a affirmé M. Noureddine Kehal. Ces mesures tendent, a souligné le DG de l’OAIC, à amener l’éleveur à prendre possession, lui même de son quota au lieu du transporteur. Dans sa démarche visant à assainir le marché, l’OAIC a mis à contribution les services de contrôle du commerce. Par ailleurs, l’Office a procédé, depuis l’année 2009 qui a enregistré une récolte record, à la consolidation de ses capacités de stockage pour 8,3 millions de quintaux à la faveur de crédits accordés par la BADR soit plus de 33 milliards de dinars assortis de taux bonifiés à la charge de l’Etat.
La filière par les chiffres
• La céréaliculture couvre annuellement une superficie de 3,2 millions ha, soit 38 % de la surface agricole utile.
• La ration alimentaire en céréales est de 185 kg/an et par habitant.
• La filière céréalière emploie plus de 675 000 personnes.
• La superficie semée au titre de la campagne labours-semailles 2009-2010 avoisine 3 300 000 ha.
• Pour encourager la production, le gouvernement a décidé de soutenir les prix à raison de 4 500 DA le quintal pour le blé dur, 3 500 DA pour le blé tendre et 2 500 pour les orges.
• La filière «céréales» est la première industrie agroalimentaire en Algérie.
Une nouvelle gouvernance de l’agriculture
La politique du renouveau agricole et rural comporte un défi majeur. Il s’agit de garantir la sécurité alimentaire du pays. Un objectif qui exige l’émergence d’une « nouvelle gouvernance de l’agriculture » basée sur le partenariat public-privé, la modernisation des méthodes et procédés et l’introduction de la donne scientifique dans les programmes d’intensification, de mécanisation et d’intégration des filières de large consommation à l’instar des céréales dont l’importance socioéconomique pour le cas de l’Algérie n’est pas à démontrer en raison de sa part dans la ration alimentaire du citoyen (+ 185 kg/habitant) mais aussi du fait que la filière constitue l’activité principale de plus du quart de la population occupée dans le secteur de l’agriculture soit 675 000 personnes et couvre annuellement une superficie de plus de 3,2 millions d’hectares soit 38% de la superficie agricole utile (SAU) .
Aussi, la céréaliculture représente la première industrie agroalimentaire dans le pays. Ce secteur stratégique dans l’économie agricole a, par conséquent, bénéficié d’actions destinées à rentabiliser la production et réduire la facture alimentaire de l’Algérie. Des contrats de performance portant sur la période 2009-2013 ont été signés avec l’ensemble des wilayas dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de la politique du renouveau de l’économie agricole et du renouveau rural laquelle exige une mobilisation de tous les acteurs concernés sur la base d’un recentrage des objectifs. Des objectifs « clairs et encadré » en référence aux potentialités de chaque wilaya en prévision des plans d’action qui seront engagés à travers le territoire national notamment dans la filière céréalière.
D. Akila