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Cession douteuse des actions de sonatrach dans Anadarko La première «affaire» entre Khelil et Bedjaoui - Algerie360
La vente des actions Anadarko et Duke Energy que détenait la Sonatrach avait scellé, en 2003, la relation entre Chakib Khelil et Farid Bedjaoui. Pour l’heure, la justice algérienne ne s’est toujours pas intéressée à ce dossier pour déterminer les responsabilités des personnes qui ont facilité ce placement dans le fonds d’investissement Rayan Asset Management.
Chakib Khelil a récemment nié toute relation avec Farid Bedjaoui. Dans la série d’entretiens qu’il a accordés à plusieurs titres algériens, l’ancien ministre de l’Energie et des Mines a déclaré n’avoir rencontré Bedjaoui qu’à deux reprises, quand celui-ci était membre d’une délégation de Saipem. Mais il est évident que la relation entre les deux hommes est antérieure à la montée en puissance du groupe italien en Algérie.
Car c’est bien l’affaire de la vente des actions Anadarko et Duke Energy qui a scellé leurs liens. Les faits remontent aux années 2001-2003 lorsque Chakib Khelil cumulait les postes de ministre de l’Energie et de Pdg par intérim de la Sonatrach. Cette période coïncide avec la création de Rayan Asset Management par Farid Bedjaoui et son beau-frère Zyad Daloul.
Il serait naif de croire que Farid et Zyad se sont un jour présentés au siège de la compagnie nationale d’hydrocarbures pour demander à ce qu’on leur accorde le droit de «boursicoter» avec des actions stratégiques dont le montant dépasse les 2 milliards de dollars. Tout a été parfaitement planifié. Dans son édition du 15 août 2010, Le Soir d’Algérie publiait une rétrospective des mouvements des actions et leurs placements par Rayan.
Ainsi, le compte Sonatrach a été ouvert le 22 septembre 2003 avec un apport de plus de 7 millions de dollars américains (7 506 961,98 dollars américains) en cash provenant de la vente d’actions Duke Energy Corp. Les premiers fonds ont été placés une semaine plus tard, soit le 29 septembre.
Le premier apport issu de la vente des actions Anadarko date du 22 avril 2005 avec plus de 11 millions de dollars américains (11 824 782,69 $). Outre l’achat de bons du Trésor américain, Farid Bedjaoui n’hésite pas à spéculer avec l’argent de l’Etat algérien. Un des principaux «coups» de Rayan Asset Management a été l’achat, en 2007, d’actions de Energias de Portugal, la société nationale de distribution d’électricité du Portugal.
Le processus d’achat a débuté le 22 février 2007 par le versement de la somme de 65 millions d’euros. Les achats d’actions se sont déroulés à intervalles réguliers jusqu’au 31 décembre 2007. Le compte dédié à l’achat du portefeuille d’actions de Energias de Portugal a été clôturé le 31 décembre 2009.
Là encore, il est évident qu’une personne, ou un groupe de personnes, installé à Alger a donné son aval pour effectuer cette série de transactions. Après sept ans de service, Rayan Asset Management procède à la fermeture du compte Sonatrach le 30 mars 2010.
Deux mois plus tard, au sortir de l’hémicycle de l’APN, Chakib Khelil est interpellé par des journalistes sur la question de la vente des actions. Il répond avec un large sourire : «Les fonds ont été restitués et nous avons fait un gain de 600 millions de dollars sur un investissement d’un milliard de dollars. Donc nous avons gagné pratiquement 60 % sur ces fonds.
Ce qui est important de retenir, c’est que nous avons gagné 600 millions de dollars sur un milliard de dollars de placement. Et vous pouvez imaginer si nous avions un peu plus d’argent, nous aurions pu gagner un peu plus». Bien sûr, l’ancien ministre de l’Energie évitera de dire combien ont empoché Farid Bedjaoui et Zyad Daloul dans toute cette affaire.
Aujourd’hui encore, le processus qui a conduit à confier ce portefeuille d’actions à Rayan Asset Management est un véritable mystère.
Il est vrai que durant la phase de «négociations» Khelil détenait tous les leviers de commande du secteur de l’Energie puisqu’il était à la tête du département et de la Sonatrach. Une telle décision ne pouvait être effective qu’après saisine de l’ensemble des instances de la compagnie nationale.
En 2003, l’Assemblée générale de la Sonatrach était composée des membres suivants : Brahim Ghanem, délégué à la Planification; Abdelatif Benachenhou, ministre des Finances; Chakib Khelil, ministre de l’Énergie ; Mohamed Laksaci, gouverneur de la Banque d’Algérie et Houari Khachaï, représentant de la présidence de la République.
Notons que durant cette année, la Sonatrach avait eu trois P-dg : Chakib Khelil, Djamel- Eddine Khene (de mai à septembre 2003) puis Mohamed Meziane dont la nomination est intervenue 5 jours avant le lancement de la première opération spéculative par Rayan.
Par ailleurs, les 13 membres du Conseil d’administration et les 11 membres du Comité exécutif de la compagnie pétrolière devaient eux aussi être au courant de cette initiative. Notons que Abdelhamid Zerguine, actuel P-dg de la Sonatrach, était lui-même membre de ces deux instances. Toutes ces personnes ont-elles voté pour la vente de ce portefeuille d’actions à travers le fonds Rayan Asset Management ?
Ce n’est pas tout. Il est utile de s’interroger sur le rôle de la Banque d’Algérie, seule institution habilitée à placer l’argent de l’Etat à l’étranger, et de la Banque extérieure d’Algérie qui est chargée de gérer les avoirs de la compagnie pétrolière.
Dans son édition du 15 février 2011, le quotidien El Watan apporte quelques éléments de réponse. «L’opération n’aurait pas pu être menée sans l’aval tacite du ministre des Finances de l’époque, à savoir Abdelatif Benachenhou, du P-dg de la Banque extérieure d’Algérie et du P-dg de la Banque nationale d’Algérie (BNA) qui se trouve être en même temps l’un des principaux décideurs de la Banque algérienne du commerce extérieur (BACE). Cette banque, dont le siège est à Zurich en Suisse, est détenue à 50% par la BNA.
Et c’est justement la BACE qui s’est chargée de transférer en plusieurs tranches, pour le compte de la BEA, les 3 milliards de dollars de Sonatrach dans les caisses Rayan Asset Managment», écrit ce journal. Outre Benachenhou, El Watan cite les noms de Mohamed Loukal pour la BEA, de Seghir Benbouzid pour la BNA et de Mustapha Baba Ahmed pour la BACE.
Dix ans après le deal passé entre Khelil et Bedjaoui, un flou total entoure cette affaire sensible. D’ailleurs, au sein de la famille des hydrocarbures, il suffit d’évoquer les actions Anadarko et Duke Energy pour provoquer un sentiment de malaise, preuve du préjudice subi par l’Etat algérien et la Sonatrach. La justice algérienne n’a pas encore ouvert ce dossier. Le sera-t-il un jour ?
T. H.
D’EL PASO À RAYAN
Les actions que détenait Sonatrach sur les compagnies américaines Anadarko et Duke Energy avaient une double valeur : financière et historique. Car ces actions sont, en fait, une compensation obtenue par l’Etat algérien au terme du règlement de l’affaire El Paso.
Durant les années 70, l’Algérie signait avec les Etats-Unis un contrat de livraison d’une importante quantité de GNL (gaz naturel liquéfié). Mais l’accord n’entrera pas en vigueur à cause d’un litige sur le prix de cession du gaz. L’Etat algérien obtient gain de cause suite à une procédure d’arbitrage international à travers une compensation sous forme d’actions des compagnies Anadarko et Duke Energy.
Il est important de rappeler que les dirigeants algériens ont toujours refusé de vendre ces actions, même au plus fort de la crise des années 90, lorsque le pays frôlait la cessation de paiement. Un principe auquel Chakib Khelil ne semblait accorder aucune importance.
Il a permis à son ami Farid Bedjaoui de spéculer avec ce portefeuille alors qu’il aurait pu prendre une décision inverse en augmentant la quote-part de Sonatrach dans le capital des deux compagnies. Ironie du sort, ou plan parfaitement élaboré durant les opérations de ventes d’actions, Anadarko engageait un arbitrage international contre Sonatrach à propos de la taxe sur les super profits.
Un conflit qui a finalement tourné à l’avantage de la compagnie américaine qui a obtenu, au terme d’un accord signé en 2012, un volume de 4,4 milliards de dollars de pétrole remboursable, en plus d’un prolongement de 25 ans de la durée des gisements qu’elle exploite en Algérie.
T. H.