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Emploi de jeunes, échec d’une politique ! - Algerie360
«Les services tiennent la première place des activités pour lesquelles les jeunes promoteurs marquent un intérêt pour la création de leur microentreprise».
Au moment où le gouvernement annonce qu’il a fait et continue à faire de la politique de l’emploi son cheval de bataille, des chiffres provenant d’un responsable de l’un des dispositifs phares mis en place pour réduire le chômage, à savoir celui de l’Ansej, font ressortir que seuls 3% des entreprises créées dans ce cadre deviennent performantes. «Une récente étude a permis d’identifier environ 3% des microentreprises accompagnées par l’Ansej», a déclaré le directeur général de la Cnac et de l’Ansej par intérim, Ahmed Chawki Taleb, dans une interview publiée dans un blog économique. «Par entreprises performantes, nous considérons celles qui sont passées du stade de microentreprise à celui de PME», a-t-il expliqué.
Sur le dispositif mis en place par l’Ansej, M. Taleb annonce que sur les 4 000 entreprises performantes répertoriées, trois d’entre elles emploient 400 agents chacune, dont deux activent dans les travaux forestiers, la troisième dans les activités de nettoyage et d’assainissement. Quant aux secteurs d’activité les plus sollicités, l’interviewé fait savoir que «les services tiennent la première place des activités pour lesquelles les jeunes promoteurs marquent un intérêt pour la création de leur microentreprise», expliquant que cette tendance remarquée même à l’échelle régionale et mondiale, est en parfaite corrélation avec le développement des villes.
Toutefois, le DG de l’Ansej a indiqué qu’«il y a un regain d’intérêt des jeunes pour les activités liées au bâtiment et travaux publics, qui s’explique, d’une part, par les aides financières supplémentaires accordées par l’État à la microentreprise exerçant dans ce secteur, et d’autre part, par l’ambitieux programme national de construction de logements, de routes et autres infrastructures de base, nécessitant d’importants moyens de réalisation. Ceci est de nature à favoriser l’orientation des jeunes promoteurs vers cette branche d’activité».
En 2010, 1% seulement des dossiers a été rejeté
Au sujet des difficultés que trouvent les candidats à faire aboutir leurs projets, M. Taleb a expliqué que la situation s’est nettement améliorée. «Dans un passé récent, les agences bancaires mettaient plusieurs mois à communiquer leur réponse souvent négative (près de 75% des dossiers étaient rejetés). En 2010, 1% seulement des dossiers ont été rejetés et seront réintroduits après reconfiguration des projets», a-t-il soutenu. Dans la lancée, le DG de la Cnac et de l’Ansej explique la procédure rendue, selon lui, plus souple : Après constitution du dossier, «les jeunes promoteurs sont aussitôt informés de l’agence bancaire auprès de laquelle l’accompagnateur de l’Ansej ou celui de la Cnac devra, en leur présence, déposer le dossier de financement. L’agence bancaire a ainsi deux mois pour traiter le dossier et notifier la décision de financement du projet». Depuis le lancement du dispositif Ansej en 1997, le nombre de projets financés à la fin de l’année 2010 s’élève à 140 503, générant
392 670 emplois directs, a communiqué M. Taleb. Cela, sans compter «les emplois indirects dont la création est impulsée par la croissance de la demande et donc de l’activité économique favorisée par la distribution des salaires aux travailleurs exerçant directement dans les microentreprises créées», a-t-il ajouté. Depuis son lancement jusqu’à l’année 2008, le dispositif a permis de créer
8 127 microentreprises en moyenne par an. Ce chiffre est passé à 20 848 en 2009 et 22 641 en 2010. Pour ce qui concerne la Cnac, le dispositif mis en place en 2004 a permis la création, jusqu’au 31 décembre 2010, de plus de 20 000 entreprises et quelque 50 000 emplois, selon le directeur général de la Cnac.
Par Hafid Mesbah
Emploi et logement des jeunes Face à la bureaucratie
La panoplie de mesures prises par les autorités publiques afin de faire face au chômage et à la crise du logement risque de se heurter à la dure réalité du terrain. Une réalité marquée par les lourdeurs administratives et bureaucratiques, mais surtout, par le «favoritisme» dans l’accès aux crédits et aux postes d’emploi disponibles. C’est du moins l’impression et l’appréhension affichées par plusieurs jeunes interrogés.
Des craintes que d’aucuns n’ignorent et que tout justifie, compte tenu des dépassements enregistrés à tous les niveaux de responsabilité. Bien que le chef de l’Etat n’a pas omis d’instruire le gouvernement, lors du dernier Conseil des ministres, sur la nécessité de veiller «à lutter contre le gaspillage, les privilèges et passe-droits, ainsi que l’atteinte aux deniers publics», le risque demeure toujours de mise. Un jeune chômeur de la wilaya de Tizi Ouzou, approché par nos soins, a exprimé des doutes quant à la possibilité de voir son dossier de demande de crédit admis par l’administration compétente. «Je ne connais personne, sans maârifa (connaissance) on ne peut rien faire dans ce pays», s’est-il plaint. Son copain révèle qu’il connaît des jeunes chômeurs qui ont pu bénéficier de crédits en un temps record, alors que d’autres ont déposé des dossiers sans que l’on daigne leur répondre ni par l’affirmatif ni par le négatif . Les jeunes chômeurs ont interprété ces agissements comme du mépris à leur égard.
«Certains responsables se comportent comme s’ils étaient chez eux ; certaines administrations sont devenues des propriétés privées», relève un jeune étudiant, diplômé en commerce, au chômage depuis plus de deux années. Il est aussi à relever que la plupart des actions de rue et des coups de colère manifestés par les jeunes ont pour origine les passe-droits et injustices subis au quotidien. Une problématique que les hautes autorités de l’Etat n’ignorent pas mais peinent à combattre. De nos jours, les conséquences sont fâcheuses et menacent la paix sociale. Le président Bouteflika, s’adressant aux responsables à tous les niveaux lors du dernier Conseil des ministres, a ordonné à ce qu’«ils donnent l’exemple en ce domaine, et être fermes contre toute dérive», ajoutant que «les mécanismes de contrôle devront également assumer pleinement leurs responsabilités». Aussi, il a instruit d’alléger sans cesse les procédures, les circuits et les dossiers administratifs pour améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité du service public ainsi que sa relation avec les administrés.n, Toutefois, garantir un bon fonctionnement des administrations au niveau local relève de l’impossible, du moins dans la situation actuelle.
Une réalité qui compromet la réussite de toute volonté politique ou stratégie de développement, même si elle est subventionnée à coups de milliards. Après les différentes mesures prises dans le but de réduire le chômage et permettre l’accès aux logements aux personnes nécessiteuses, l’Etat est appelé à réussir la gestion des fonds dégagés et assurer leur acheminement à bon port. Un défi à courte échéance dont les résultats se feront sentir dans les prochaines semaines.
Aomar Fekrache