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Energie: l'investissement à l'étranger, des ressources additionnels en devise - Algerie360
ALGER- Le secteur de l’énergie oeuvre à travers le groupe national des hydrocarbures (Sonatrach) à investir à l’étranger pour garantir des ressources financières additionnelles en devise et réduire davantage la facture d’importation en produits énergétiques finis, a indiqué mardi à Alger le ministre de l’Energie, Mustapha Guitouni.
« Un grand travail est attendu en matière d’exploration des hydrocarbures. L’Algérie est un pays pétrolier par excellence et renferme de grandes ressources conventionnelles et non conventionnelles, ce qui requiert l’intensification des investissements et la révision des textes législatifs », a précisé le ministre.
M.Guitouni a présenté la situation de son secteur lors d’une séance tenue à l’Assemblée populaire nationale (APN) par la commission des affaires économiques, du développement, de l’industrie, du commerce et de la planification en présence du ministre des Relations avec le Parlement, Mahdjoub Bedda.
Le ministre a expliqué dans ce sens que les projets énergétiques nécessitaient la mobilisation d’importantes ressources financières et la révision des textes législatifs, faisant remarquer que la loi sur les hydrocarbures, en cours de préparation, permettra d’organiser l’activité de l’investissement et d’attirer les investisseurs étrangers.
Ainsi, 59 milliards de dollars ont été affectés à l’investissement dans les hydrocarbures durant la période allant de 2018 à 2022, dont 75 % ont été destinés à l’activité en amont, 16 % à l’activité en aval et 4 % au transport par canalisations et à la distribution des produits pétroliers.
« Nous devrons oeuvrer à orienter l’activité de Sonatrach vers l’étranger pour obtenir de la devise à travers l’acquisition de d’avantage de raffineries à l’étranger (…) Nous sommes en retard dans ce domaine », a martelé le premier responsable du secteur.
Dans le cadre du développement de l’activité de raffinage des hydrocarbures, Sonatrach a acquis une raffinerie à l’étranger (Italie) pour limiter l’importation des produits pétroliers. D’autres projets ont été réceptionnés pour élever les capacités de production du gaz de pétrole liquéfier (GPL) et des produits pétrochimiques dont les unités de production de l’ammoniaque et de l’urée à Arzew.
Le premier responsable du secteur a insisté sur l’importance de développer les opérations de transformation ainsi que le secteur de la pétrochimie pour valoriser le gaz brut et vendre directement le produit algérien fini.
De ce fait, la période allant de 2018 à 2022 connaîtra, selon le ministre, une légère hausse en exportation des hydrocarbures en parallèle à une réduction des importations suite au lancement, en février dernier, du raffinage du pétrole brut algérien à l’étranger et le renforcement des capacités de raffinage à partir de 2021.
M.Guitouni a estimé que ces mesures sont importantes eu égard à la rude concurrence marquée par le développement rapide des opérations d’exploration dans plusieurs pays.
Le ministre prévoit une augmentation globale de la production des hydrocarbures atteignant 199 millions de tonnes équivalent pétrole d’ici à 2022.
Le Secteur s’emploie au développement des activités de transformation par la réalisation de deux (2) nouvelles raffineries afin de répondre aux besoins du marché national en produits pétroliers et pétrochimiques.
Dans l’objectif d’élargissement du tissu industriel et de la diminution de la facture d’importation, les deux compagnies, Sonatrach et Sonelgaz, ont conclu plusieurs partenariats avec des sociétés étrangères mondiales pour la fabrication de pièces de rechange et d’équipements spécifiques aux deux secteurs, les hydrocarbures et l’électricité.
Pour ce qui est de l’activité du transport et du stockage, un réseau de transport du pétrole et du gaz a été développé et s’étend sur une longueur de 21.000 km et est doté d’une capacité de stockage atteignant 4,2 millions de tonnes.
Il convient de rappeler qu’un montant s’élevant à 140 milliards USD a été investi dans les différents projets du secteur des hydrocarbures, durant la période 1999-2017, à raison de 7 mds USD par an, dont environ 80 % destinés à l’activité d’exploration et de développement.
D’après le ministre, la situation économique du pays a sensiblement impacté l’activité de l’investissement dans le secteur des hydrocarbures et a entraîné l’annulation de plusieurs projets.
Pour ce qui est des exportations, le ministre a mis l’accent sur la consolidation des capacités nationales, par la réception du gazoduc Medgaz qui relie l’Algérie directement à l’Espagne et de deux (2) complexes de liquéfaction de gaz naturel (GNL), l’un à Skikda et l’autre à Arzew.
Les efforts déployés dans les activités d’exploration et de développement ont abouti, ces dernières années, au renforcement de la base des réserves du pays en hydrocarbures, d’autant que 256 puits ont été découverts depuis 1999, soit 20 puits par an.
Ces efforts ont permis augmentation de la production des hydrocarbures, au cours des trois dernières années, pour atteindre 166 millions de tonnes équivalent pétrole.
Il est attendu, à moyen terme, la réalisation de deux (2) stations de dessalement de l’eau de mer, d’une capacité de 300.000 m3/jour chacune.
Il sera également procédé, dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre de l’infrastructure d’accompagnement du projet » Phosphates », à la réalisation d’une station de dessalement de l’eau de mer dans la région de Guerbes (w. Skikda), d’une capacité de traitement de 70.000 m3/jour, moyennant un coût s’élevant à 12 mds DA, par l’entreprise IIC.
La stratégie du secteur vise également le renouvellement et le confortement des réserves du pays en hydrocarbures, par la valorisation de toutes les ressources, y compris les richesses non-conventionnelles et marines.
» Le succès de la mise en oeuvre du Plan de Sonatrach de 2030, lui permet d’être à la tête des sociétés nationales pétrolières et de contribuer au développement et à la diversification de l’économie nationale », a soutenu le ministre.
Dans le domaine de l’emploi et de la formation, le ministre a mis en avant l’importance de la modernisation des opérations de formation, à travers l’ouverture de nouvelles écoles et de nouveaux instituts ,dont les compétences diplômées seront orientées vers le travail au sein des groupements relevant du secteur de l’énergie.
Le nombre des travailleurs du secteur atteint actuellement plus de 258.000, contre 182.000 travailleurs en 1999, soit une moyenne de 4.000 postes d’emploi crées annuellement.
Dans les wilayas du Sud, les entreprises du secteur de l’énergie ont créé, lors des cinq (5) dernières années, 51.000 postes d’emploi, a indiqué le ministre.