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Indice gestion des ressources: quel classement pour l'Algérie? (étude) - Algerie360
Après le passage en revue, dans les précédents articles, de trois indices de compétitivité, à savoir le capital naturel, le capital social et le capital intellectuel — intéressons-nous maintenant à un quatrième indicateur, celui de l’efficacité de la gestion des ressources …
Qu’est-ce que l’efficacité de la gestion des ressources ? Le concept d’efficacité de la gestion des ressources désigne la capacité d’un pays à bien gérer les ressources disponibles sur son territoire (capital naturel, capital humain, capital financier). L’efficacité de l’utilisation des ressources est un facteur de coût qui affecte la compétitivité et, par extension, la richesse des nations. La surexploitation des ressources naturelles affecte également le capital naturel du pays, c’est-à-dire sa capacité à soutenir sa population et son économie avec les ressources nécessaires à l’avenir.
| ARTICLE LIÉ : Indice du capital intellectuel – quels classement pour l’Algérie ?
En outre, les ressources non renouvelables utilisées aujourd’hui pourraient devenir rares, donc plus coûteuses demain. Et cela affectera la compétitivité, la richesse et la qualité de vie.
Carte du monde de l’indice de l’efficacité la gestions des ressources 2021 | Foncé : gestion efficace ; Clair : gestion inefficace (Source : solability.com)
Un certain nombre de facteurs laissent présager une augmentation du coût des ressources à l’avenir : l’épuisement des ressources énergétiques, hydriques et minérales ; l’augmentation de la consommation (en particulier dans les pays non membres de l’OCDE) ; la spéculation financière sur les matières premières, ainsi que les influences géopolitiques.
Présentation de l’indice de l’efficacité de la gestion des ressources L’objectif de l’indice d’efficacité des ressources est donc d’évaluer la capacité d’un pays à faire face à l’augmentation des coûts et à soutenir la croissance économique malgré la hausse des prix des matières premières, à gérer la rareté d’autres ressources naturelles (en particulier l’eau), tout en protégeant l’environnement.
Les ressources naturelles vitales comprennent l’eau, l’énergie et les matières premières. La plupart des ressources utilisées aujourd’hui sont soit non renouvelables, soit partiellement renouvelables (énergie fossile et les minéraux). Les nappes phréatiques et d’autres produits naturels (par exemple le bois) demeurent renouvelables tant qu’ils ne souffrent pas de surexploitation et que leur renouvellement n’est pas bouleversé par l’épuisement des ressources, la perte de biodiversité , la pollution ou les changements climatiques.
Indicateurs de l’indice de la gestion des ressources : énergie, eau, matières premières.
Les indicateurs de l’indice d’efficacité des ressources sont évalués à la fois en termes d’intensité (par habitant) et d’efficacité (par rapport au PIB). Les indicateurs mesurés par rapport à la population favorisent clairement les pays qui consomment peu de ressources et de matières premières (c’est-à-dire les pays moins développés), tandis que les indicateurs notés par rapport au PIB mesurent l’efficacité économique. Et sur ce critère les pays développés s’en sortent mieux.
Indice de la gestion des ressources — principaux points à retenir La moyenne mondiale en matière d’intensité des ressources est de 46, tandis que le score le plus élevé est de 64. Même les pays les plus performants sont loin d’être compétitifs en matière de durabilité. Toutefois, le potentiel est immense pour de nouvelles activités et la réduction des coûts. Environ 60 % de tous les indicateurs affichent une évolution positive. On peut donc s’attendre à des améliorations lentes, mais régulières à l’avenir.
| ARTICLE LIÉ : Indice du capital naturel – quel classement pour l’Algérie ?
Le classement de l’intensité des ressources 2021 est dominé par les pays associés à un faible niveau de développement qui se reflète par une faible consommation d’énergie et de matériaux par habitant. Toutefois, l’indice se fonde à la fois sur des mesures par habitant et sur une évaluation de l’efficacité (consommation de ressources par valeur générée) :
– L’indice d’efficacité des ressources est dominé par le Malawi, suivi du Kenya et du Salvador.
– Les économies très développées se classent également bien : la Suisse (4), le Royaume-Uni (8). La Suède, la France et l’Irlande figurent toutes dans le top 20. L’Allemagne occupe le 52e
– Les États-Unis se classent à la 92e La Chine arrive en queue de peloton (150).
Classement complet de l’Indice d’efficacité de la gestion des ressources 2021 (cliquez pour agrandir).
Les principales implications du score obtenu dans l’indice de l’efficacité de la gestion des ressources se manifestent dans la stabilité de la croissance économique . Si les prix des matières premières et de l’énergie explosent à l’avenir (comme le suggèrent la majorité des études), les pays au score le plus faible devront faire face à des défis beaucoup plus élevés pour maintenir leur croissance.
Indice de la gestion des ressources — le classement de l’Algérie Le Resource Efficiency Index 2021 du think tank Solability attribue à l’Algérie le faible score de 29,7 (sur 100). Avec cette notre très en deçà de la moyenne, l’Algérie figure tout en bas du classement. Elle occupe le 166e rang mondial (sur 180 pays). Cela veut dire qu’elle ne devance que 14 pays dans le monde.
| ARTICLE LIÉ : Indice du capital social – quel classement pour l’Algérie ?
Parmi les autres pays mal classés, on retrouve la Chine (150), la Corée du Sud (153), la Russie (171), les Émirats arabes unis (172), l’Arabie Saoudite (175), le Qatar, avant-dernier (179). L’Iran, en 180e position, ferme la marche.
On remarque ainsi que la grande majorité de ces pays comptes parmi les producteurs et exportateurs de pétrole de gaz . Il semble donc que le fait que l’Algérie soit un pays dont l’économie se base sur l’exploitation des énergies fossiles (les hydrocarbures), et la prévision que cette ressource s’épuise à l’avenir aient beaucoup influencé le score et le classement de notre pays.