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Algérie : Aïn Naadja, le Val-de-Grâce algérien - Algerie360
Réplique presque identique du célèbre établissement parisien, l’institution militaire d’Aïn Naadja figure parmi les meilleures du continent. Pourtant, les dirigeants algériens continuent d’aller se faire soigner à l’étranger.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika hospitalisé au Val-de-Grâce, l’ex-président Ali Kafi décédé dans un hôpital de Genève, Abdelmadjid Sidi Saïd, patron de l’Union générale des travailleurs algériens (UGTA), soignant son hypertension en France, Abdelaziz Belkhadem, ex-patron du Front de libération nationale (FLN), admis à la clinique ophtalmologique Barraquer, à Barcelone, Abdelkader Messahel, secrétaire d’État aux Affaires africaines, récupérant d’une rupture d’anévrisme en Belgique… Depuis deux mois, la liste des personnalités algériennes parties se faire soigner sous d’autres cieux plutôt que dans les hôpitaux de leur pays est impressionnante. Une « tradition » inaugurée par Boumédiène, hospitalisé en octobre 1978 dans une clinique de Moscou pour soigner un mal mystérieux (la maladie de Waldenström, qui l’emportera trois mois plus tard).
Ce ballet de personnalités interpelle l’opinion, tant en Algérie qu’à l’étranger. Dans la presse populaire, on dénonce la nomenklatura qui se soigne en Europe, on moque Bouteflika, qui critique le système colonial français mais séjourne dans un hôpital parisien, on se gausse des carences du système de santé algérien et de l’incurie des gouvernants, qui ne consacrent que 3,6 % du PIB aux dépenses de santé, alors que les voisins marocains et tunisiens, nettement moins riches, y allouent le double.
Pourtant, il existe un « Val-de-Grâce » algérien, réplique presque à l’identique de cet hôpital du 5e arrondissement de Paris où le président Bouteflika a été admis le samedi 27 avril à la suite d’un accident ischémique transitoire (AIT), huit ans après y avoir séjourné pour soigner un ulcère hémorragique. L’hôpital central de l’armée (HCA), couramment appelé Aïn Naadja, figure pourtant parmi les meilleurs établissements d’Afrique. Médecine de qualité, matériel moderne, personnel hautement qualifié… Sa réputation n’est pas usurpée. Tous les VIP du pays y reçoivent des soins de qualité sans débourser un millime. Ou presque. Relevant de l’autorité militaire, interdit d’accès aux journalistes, cet hôpital n’a jamais livré aucun de ses secrets, surtout pas ceux de ses illustres patients.
Excellence
L’idée de doter l’armée d’un hôpital remonte à 1972. À l’époque, Boumédiène rêvait d’un hôpital moderne, avec 1 200 lits et toutes les commodités pour soigner militaires algériens et chefs d’État d’Afrique et d’Asie. C’était le temps où Alger était La Mecque des révolutionnaires. Mais, faute d’argent, le projet reste dans les cartons. Il faudra attendre presque dix ans pour que l’idée soit exhumée par Chadli Bendjedid, élu président en février 1979. Ironie du sort, ce dernier rendra son dernier souffle le 6 octobre 2012 dans cet hôpital dont il autorisa la construction en 1981. « L’édification du HCA était d’autant plus nécessaire qu’aux débuts des années 1980 le montant des prises en charge de nos malades à l’étranger était aussi élevé que le coût d’un hôpital », se souvient un officier à la retraite.
Confié à une filiale du français Bouygues, l’établissement, qui s’étend sur une superficie de 120 ha, est construit sur les hauteurs de la capitale. La proximité avec l’aéroport international et la présence d’un axe routier desservant les quatre coins du pays expliquent le choix du site. « Vous avez 80 millions de dollars, pas plus. Et je veux un hôpital de référence… », aurait dit Chadli aux militaires. Les premiers coups de pioche sont donnés en 1984. L’enceinte sera livrée clé en main trente-quatre mois plus tard. Quand le président l’inaugure, le 27 février 1987, les premiers patients ont déjà été pris en charge par les médecins qui officiaient auparavant à l’hôpital militaire de Maillot, dans le quartier de Bab el-Oued.
Depuis l’ouverture de l’établissement, le pavillon VIP a vu défiler Bouteflika, Ahmed Ben Bella, Liamine Zéroual, Chadli Bendjedid…
Un « hôpital de référence », qu’est-ce à dire ? « Des équipements dernier cri, pas de pénurie de médicaments, prise en charge de toutes les pathologies, résume un médecin en réanimation. À titre d’exemple, nous avons été le premier hôpital d’Afrique à acquérir l’IRM (Imagerie par résonance magnétique). Dans les années 1990, le géant de l’électronique Siemens faisait évaluer ses équipements en collaboration avec les médecins algériens. Ajoutez à cela la rigueur militaire, et vous comprendrez pourquoi Aïn Naadja est un hôpital d’excellence. » En outre, l’établissement accueille chaque année les cent premiers classés au concours national de médecine. Bourse d’études cinq fois supérieure à celle des étudiants « civils », chambre individuelle, salles de sport, piscine olympique, bibliothèque, amphis, équipements ultramodernes, professeurs émérites ayant fait leurs classes dans de prestigieux services à l’étranger, tout est conçu pour former des médecins de haut niveau qui accèdent au métier avec le grade de lieutenant. « Comparé aux universités d’Algérie, Aïn Naadja est un cinq-étoiles, se souvient Riyad, cancérologue à Alger. Sauf qu’il faut se réveiller tous les jours à 5 heures du matin pour la levée du drapeau et travailler deux fois plus que les autres. »
Pavillon VIP
Confirmation d’un professeur de cardiologie qui y a enseigné pendant plus d’une décennie : « Les médecins sont les meilleurs parmi les meilleurs. Des professeurs américains, français ou cubains viennent souvent pour exercer leurs compétences et enrichir la formation des étudiants. » Pour compléter le tableau, l’hôpital dispose d’une école paramédicale pour former les techniciens de la santé, lesquels intègrent l’enceinte hospitalière avec le grade de sergent-chef. Autre gage de cette excellence : en 1988, quand l’armée américaine a souhaité offrir une couverture sanitaire à la 6e flotte en manoeuvre dans le Bassin méditerranéen, elle a choisi de faire confiance à Aïn Naadja. En outre, un accord de réciprocité lie depuis deux décennies l’hôpital et les chancelleries étrangères accréditées à Alger de sorte que le personnel diplomatique puisse y recevoir des soins. « Nous avons pris en charge un ancien président du Mali et bon nombre de ministres africains de passage à Alger, raconte un ex-officier. L’avantage est qu’un patient peut être soigné quelle que soit sa pathologie sans quitter les murs de l’hôpital. »
Aïn Naadja ne serait pas Aïn Naadja sans son pavillon VIP. À l’instar du Val-de-Grâce, l’établissement dispose d’un carré pour recevoir les happy few civils ou militaires. Placé sous l’autorité d’un chef de service, installé à proximité du bureau du directeur, ce carré est constitué de quatre chambres avec une suite présidentielle pour recevoir la famille ou les convives. Le patient dispose d’une infirmière, d’un médecin, ainsi que d’un service de restauration « à la carte ». La discrétion n’est pas le moindre des privilèges.
Depuis l’ouverture de l’établissement, ce pavillon VIP a vu défiler Bouteflika, Ahmed Ben Bella, Liamine Zéroual, Chadli Bendjedid, l’ex-chef d’état-major des armées Mohamed Lamari, d’anciennes icônes de la guerre d’indépendance, mais également deux personnages très controversés de la décennie noire : Ali Belhadj et Abassi Madani, fondateurs du Front islamique du salut (FIS). C’était en 1994. À l’époque, pour tenter de mettre fin à la violence qui ensanglantait le pays, le pouvoir avait secrètement engagé un dialogue avec les deux hommes, incarcérés à Blida depuis juin 1992 pour rébellion et insurrection. Sauf que la santé des deux hommes s’était détériorée en raison d’une longue grève de la faim. Pour les « requinquer », les autorités décidèrent de les hospitaliser à Aïn Naadja pendant une dizaine de jours. « Ils ont été soignés par des militaires au moment même où des dizaines de soldats et de policiers se faisaient massacrer par les terroristes des GIA [Groupes islamiques armés] agissant sur instruction d’Abassi et de Belhadj », raconte un officier.
Sinistre souvenir
Pour la première fois, un ancien responsable de l’hôpital d’Aïn Naadja a accepté de revenir sur le tragique épisode des moines trappistes de Tibhirine, enlevés dans la nuit du 26 au 27 mars 1996 par les Groupes islamiques armés (GIA) et dont les têtes ont été retrouvées le 30 mai 1996 au bord d’une route à Médéa, à l’ouest d’Alger. Aussitôt remises à la gendarmerie, les têtes des sept religieux ont été acheminées à Aïn Naadja pour être analysées. Portaient-elles des lésions balistiques, accréditant la thèse d’une bavure de l’armée, comme l’a affirmé, en juin 2011, le général Buchwalter, attaché militaire à l’ambassade de France à Alger au moment de l’enlèvement ? Les fiches techniques sont formelles, affirme notre officier : « Les crânes ne portaient aucune trace de balles. Les analyses légistes indiquent que les têtes ont été tranchées au couteau. »
Une fois les autorités françaises informées, elles dépêchèrent sur place le ministre des Affaires étrangères, Alain Juppé, et celui de la Défense, François Léotard. Les deux hommes, accompagnés de l’ambassadeur de France, Michel Lévêque, s’entretinrent avec les responsables de l’hôpital, où ils ne resteront que deux heures. « Ils n’ont même pas voulu voir les têtes des moines installées dans des cercueils lestés de pierres, raconte l’ancien officier. Les cercueils étaient pourvus d’une glace permettant de distinguer les têtes. »
Plus tard, deux autres religieux, Dom Armand Veilleux, abbé de Scourmont, en Belgique, ainsi que frère Amédée, qui avait échappé à l’enlèvement, gagnent Aïn Naadja, en compagnie de l’ambassadeur Lévêque, pour identifier les victimes. Les trois hommes reçoivent, là encore, les explications des responsables sur les circonstances de la découverte des têtes, ainsi que sur les analyses légistes. « Les cercueils des religieux n’ont pas été ouverts en leur présence, témoigne encore notre interlocuteur. Nous étions prêts à les ouvrir, mais ils ne l’ont pas souhaité. » Peu de temps avant de quitter l’hôpital militaire pour la cérémonie de recueillement officiel tenue le 2 juin 1996 à la cathédrale Notre-Dame-d’Afrique, sur les hauteurs d’Alger, les sept cercueils ont eu droit aux honneurs de l’armée algérienne dans la cour d’Aïn Naadja. F.A.