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Plusieurs suicides enregistrés cette années en algérie,Un phénomène en pleine expansion - Algerie360
L’oisiveté est mère de tous les vices
Les chercheurs ont passé au peigne fin plus de 3500 dossiers d’admission.
Un véritable drame est survenu en fin de journée de dimanche. Un jeune homme âgé d’une trentaine d’années et résidant dans la localité de Hassiane Toual, sud-est d’Oran, a mis fin à sa vie en se suicidant par pendaison. Le corps du défunt a été retrouvé pendu au plafond de la chambre à l’aide d’une corde. Dans un passé récent, plusieurs cas de tentatives de suicide ont été recensés un peu partout dans plusieurs localités de la wilaya d’Oran. Cet été, juste après l’annonce des résultats du baccalauréat de l’année en cours, plusieurs adolescents ont attenté à leur vie en ingurgitant des produits hautement dangereux. Certains ont même été admis en urgence dans les services sanitaires et subi des lavages d’estomac
Le suicide n’est pas kabyle
Les suicides et les tentatives de suicide prennent des proportions incontrôlables ces dernières années. Ce phénomène est en passe de se généraliser un peu partout en particulier dans les grandes villes et très précisément dans les établissements scolaires.
«Le phénomène sévit de Tébessa à Bab El Assa (ville rattachée à Tlemcen et située à l’extrême ouest du pays, Ndlr), a affirmé un psychologue. En début de l’année en cours: une collégienne âgée à peine de 14 ans a tenté de mettre fin à sa vie en se jetant d’une hauteur de 4 mètres dans l’établissement scolaire de Belgaïd 3. Sauvée d’une mort certaine, la jeune fille s’en est sortie avec plusieurs fractures, contusions et écorchures au niveau de plusieurs parties du corps après avoir été secourue et évacuée en urgence vers l’établissement hospitalo-universitaire de l’Usto pour recevoir les soins nécessaires.
Une enquête a été ouverte tandis que l’adolescente a été mise sous assistance psychologique. Cet autre acte survient au moment où le phénomène prend des tournures dangereuses, notamment dans les villes de la région ouest du pays. En 2012, les services du 2e commandement régional de la Gendarmerie nationale ont enregistré 86 suicides et 190 tentatives de suicide. L’étude présentée par le 2e commandement souligne que le phénomène a connu une expansion rapide durant ces dernières cinq années. Les bilans fournis par ce corps de sécurité sont plus que révélateurs de cette évidence incontournable.
Le nombre de cas qui était de 35 suicides en 2008, a grimpé en flèche pour se fixer à 86 cas en 2012. Idem pour les tentatives de suicide qui étaient arrêtées à 190 cas à la fin de l’année dernière alors qu’ils étaient au nombre de 90 cas en 2008.
Les spécialistes sont unanimes à dire que le défaut de communication qui caractérise la famille, la pauvreté et la déchéance sociale sont à l’origine de l’éclosion de ce phénomène. «Dans la plupart des cas que nous recevons pour les premiers soins, nous traitons plusieurs personnes qui ont tenté de mettre un terme à leur vie, ceux-là, nous les orientons vers les services spécialisés pour prise en charge psychologique», a affirmé un médecin exerçant dans les services des urgences médico-chirurgicales du CHU d’Oran.
Le phénomène du suicide n’est pas endémique à certaines régions du pays comme le démontre une certaine presse, certes nationale, mais aux desseins franchement régionalistes. Des études scientifiques sur le suicide ont été menées en relation avec deux données de base, en l’occurrence l’arrivée depuis quelques années, des drogues dures et le passage de l’Algérie de simple pays de transit à celui de consommation par excellence.
Tous les chemins mènent à l’acte fatal
Une étude inédite a été menée tout récemment à Oran par le laboratoire de recherche en accidentologie pédiatrique du Chuo. Celle-ci a ciblé 39 cas de suicide incontestable. Les chercheurs ont dû passer au peigne fin plus de 3500 dossiers d’admission pour déceler 39 cas de tentative de suicide entre janvier 2006 et fin 2011.
La tranche d’âge de ces candidats au suicide se situe entre 9 et 16 ans avec une prévalence chez les filles. Sur les 39 cas enregistrés on y trouve 34 jeunes filles.
L’étude a conclu également que le mode de tentative de suicide est constitué en premier lieu par les médicaments (29%), suivis des insecticides et des détergents. L’étude porte aussi sur l’événement déclenchant qui recense 64% dûs essentiellement à des conflits familiaux tandis que 15% de tentatives de suicide lesquelles sont provoquées par le divorce. Cette étude aura eu le mérite de jeter les bases d’une banque de données jusque-là inexistante.
Toutefois, en dépit des référents religieux et culturels, les tentatives de suicide constituent une sonnette d’alarme. Une autre étude effectuée par une équipe de chercheurs à Blida affirme la prévalence des tentatives de suicide chez les femmes plus que chez les hommes. L’acte du suicide reflète la réalité de la société algérienne qui touche de plein fouet les jeunes âgés entre 18 et 35 ans dont les célibataires. Les psychiatres s’accordent à dire que le suicide est un comportement social, que l’on doit prévenir.
En attendant les initiatives des pouvoirs publics pour mettre en place une véritable politique de prévention, les spécialistes en la matière insistent sur la nécessité de libérer le débat sur cette question qui reste tabou. Dans le domaine de la psychiatrie, l’Algérie s’installe au second rang de l’espace francophone après la France. «Depuis une décennie, le phénomène du suicide et des tentatives de suicide est plus apparent en Algérie, est-ce parce qu’il est réellement en augmentation substantielle ou est-ce simplement parce que les médias, qui se sont beaucoup développés depuis le début des années 1990 en Algérie (en particulier les médias du secteur privé), en parlent plus librement. Une telle question a constitué un sujet principal d’une étude menée par un groupe de chercheurs du Centre de recherches en anthropologie sociale et culturelle, le Crasc d’Oran.
Les chercheurs ont tenté de cerner le phénomène en commençant par la collecte de données statistiques pour évaluer son ampleur pour ensuite comprendre ses déterminants et ses significations. Pour la première fois, le suicide est étudié de façon scientifique en tenant compte de différents facteurs: psychologiques, sociaux et culturels. L’étude a été basée sur des méthodes scientifiques modernes: statistiques, épidémiologiques. Elle distingue trois catégories étiologiques de suicide: l’égocentrique, l’altruiste et l’anomique. Pour le premier: l’égocentrique. L’individu est intégré dans une société stable et met fin à ses jours pour des raisons tout à fait personnelles. Le deuxième: l’altruiste. Pour des raisons sociales et culturelles (exemple des samouraïs au Japon, de la Sati en Inde alors que pour la troisième forme: chez l’anomique. Son acte intervient dans une situation de désorganisation sociale des besoins. Sur le plan de la psyché individuelle, l’anomie (perturbation des normes sociales) se traduit chez certaines personnes par des souffrances et des désintégrations progressives de la sphère affective, en relation avec la diminution ou la perte de l’équilibre des valeurs et des repères sociaux. Une sorte de réaction à une difficulté de l’adaptation, réponse à un déséquilibre entre les demandes du sujet et les possibilités offertes par l’environnement.
La quatrième catégorie de suicide, qui est rarement citée, concerne le suicide fataliste qu’il oppose au suicide anomique. Il est provoqué par les situations de blocage et d’absence de perspectives de changement, quand la personne ne voit aucune issue à une situation psychologique et/ou sociale insupportable. Le suicide tend à s’ancrer dans notre société, la lutte contre sa propagation est plus qu’urgente. D’autant que de nouvelles formes de suicide, comme l’immolation par le feu, viennent se greffer à la forme classique du suicide. Des dizaines de cas sont enregistrés dans plusieurs villes du pays.