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Quelques vérités - Algerie360
L’histoire retiendra à Chadli Bendjedid d’avoir été le premier président algérien à interdire les activités des Français dans la centrale nucléaire de Oued Enamous.
« Mais je pensais que nous avons fait sortir la France de notre pays depuis longtemps ?!?» C’est par cette interrogation-exclamation que Chadli Bendjedid, désigné alors président de la République après le décès de Houari Boumediène, «a voulu qu’on lui explique ce qui se passait exactement à Oued Enamous et que faisaient les Français là-bas.»
Ces rappels sont du général Yahia Rahal – que Dieu ait son âme – durant les années 90 quand il nous a décrit «ces moments de tension où Paris exerçait de fortes pressions sur Alger pour que les autorités algériennes lui renouvellent le contrat d’exploitation de la centrale nucléaire de Oued Enamous.»
Le général Rahal, qui est décédé le 3 février 2009, avait de son vivant gardé en mémoire certaines réactions de Chadli, notamment à propos de la colonisation. Les deux hommes ont été, pendant de longues années, très proches l’un de l’autre, de pratiquement 1965 à la fin des années 70, lorsque le colonel Chadli était aux commandes de la 2e région militaire.
Les pressions françaises dont il a fait part ont été exercées à travers «les va-et-vient incessants de l’ambassadeur de France à Alger de l’époque, notamment lorsque le président Boumediène était tombé malade.» C’est parce qu’à cette période-là le contrat d’exploitation de la centrale nucléaire avait expiré.
Il fallait alors que les autorités algériennes le renouvellent comme elles le faisaient depuis l’indépendance. Mais les esprits des officiels algériens étaient accrochés à l’état de santé de Boumediène et, tout de suite après, à sa succession.
A l’arrivée de Chadli Bendjedid à la tête de la présidence de la République, les Français ont renouvelé leur demande par les voies diplomatiques. C’est à une demande d’audience adressée par l’ambassadeur de France de l’époque que Chadli s’était interrogé, selon le général Rahal, «si La France a été sortie de l’Algérie ou alors était toujours là.»
« DIS-LEUR DE NE LAISSER AUCUN BOULON SUR PLACE » Le nouveau président de la République n’a pas voulu laisser traîner les choses. Il a instruit Rahal, alors en fonction au MDN, pour aller dire au personnel français qui dirigeait la centrale nucléaire de partir immédiatement.
Le refus de Chadli de ne pas renouveler le contrat aux Français a été catégorique. Les Français auraient alors pris sur eux cette décision souveraine mais ont proposé à l’émissaire du président Chadli de «laisser à l’Algérie sur place tous les équipements.»
La réponse de Chadli à Rahal était «Dis-leur de ne laisser aucun boulon ou vis sur place, l’Algérie n’a pas besoin de leurs équipements.» Yahia Rahal se rappelait aussi le jour où, après le raz-de-marée électoral de l’ex-FIS, l’armée réfléchissait pour arrêter le processus électoral et faire partir Chadli de son poste de président.
Ce dernier n’avait pas cédé facilement. Il aurait fallu aux responsables militaires qui tentaient de le convaincre une réunion avec lui qui avait commençait les premières heures du jour et s’était achevée à l’aube du jour d’après.
Chadli était, selon Rahal, pour la cohabitation après l’ouverture de la scène politique aux partis d’opposition. «Il était surtout convaincu que le FIS n’avait pas de projet de société et qu’une fois au pouvoir, il allait se casser les dents», nous disait le général Rahal.
La suite est connue. Rahal décrivait Chadli comme étant un homme de paix. «C’est ce qui faisait de lui un moudjahid foncièrement contre la présence française en Algérie », disait-il. Il avait bien combattu la présence française dans le Nord-Constantinois et aussi à l’ouest du pays, notamment à Mers El-Kébir.
DU 5 OCTOBRE 88 AU 5 OCTOBRE 2012 Pour l’avoir approché à Oran pendant de longues années, il lui reconnaît par ailleurs le caractère «d’un bon père de famille qui sait réagir devant des situations difficiles.» Mais bien que parfois, toujours selon Rahal, «Chadli était grincheux, même coléreux, il appréciait fortement les moments de détente.» Il se rappelait de ses longues heures de plongée sous-marine et de la chasse aux canards qu’il pratiquait régulièrement.
D’ailleurs, nous disait un de ses compagnons hier, «C’est lui qui a créé la mare aux canards à Mers El-Hadjadj (Port-aux-poules), à l’ouest du pays.» Les deux hommes partageaient aussi de longues parties de belote. Le président Chadli aura surtout permis au système politique algérien de «s’ouvrir» à l’opposition.
Un grand constitutionnaliste que nous avons rencontré hier au Palais du peuple nous a affirmé que «Chadli était pour une ouverture totale du pays et une séparation des pouvoirs que la Constitution de 1988 en avait déjà consacré quelques dispositions.» Notre interlocuteur se rappelle qu’à cette époque, le chef du gouvernement pouvait adresser une demande au président de la République pour légiférer par ordonnance.
Le chef du gouvernement avait aussi prérogative de demander une deuxième lecture d’une loi déjà votée par l’APN. «Ce qui prouve que le chef du gouvernement avait d’importantes prérogatives qui lui permettaient de prendre des initiatives sans attendre d’être instruit par le président de la République», explique le constitutionnaliste.
S’il avait consacré le multipartisme en 1989 après avoir fait réviser la Constitution de 1988, le président Chadli n’a pas pu aller plus loin que cela. «D’ailleurs, les deux dispositions relatives aux prérogatives accordées au chef du gouvernement ont été supprimées dans le texte de 89», avoue le constitutionnaliste.
Le président Chadli n’a pas réussi à convaincre l’armée et son parti, le FLN, de la nécessité d’une ouverture politique importante. Pourtant, les hommes du régime, eux, ont préféré lui retenir qu’il avait bien demandé à l’armée d’intervenir pour faire taire les émeutes du 5 octobre 1988.
Ceux qui ont fait pression sur lui pour supprimer des dispositions consacrant la séparation des pouvoirs sont ceux-là mêmes qui l’ont fait partir après qu’ils l’eurent rendu responsable d’un grand nombre de «difformités» dans la gestion des affaires politiques du pays alors qu’ils l’avaient entouré durant tout l’exercice de ses mandats présidentiels.
Ceux d’entre eux qui sont restés en vie lui ont rendu un grand hommage hier au Palais du peuple. Chadli Bendjedid s’est éteint tôt le matin du vendredi 5 octobre 2012 à l’hôpital militaire de Aïn Naadja, Dr Mohamed-Seghir Nekache, et non pas le samedi 6 octobre, comme annoncé officiellement.
Ghania Oukazi