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Salim Jay au « Le Quotidien d'Oran »: « La littérature algérienne est beaucoup plus riche, beaucoup plus vaste et beaucoup plus surprenante que les idées reçues à son sujet » - Algerie360
Salim Jay est un écrivain et un critique littéraire franco-marocain renommé. Il est né en 1951 à Paris et a vécu à Rabat de 1957 à 1973.
Installé dans la capitale française depuis, il a publié une trentaine d’ouvrages dont le « Dictionnaire des écrivains marocains » en 2005, un livre de référence pour qui veut connaître la littérature du pays voisin. Son ouvrage « L’oiseau vit de sa plume » est une plongée dans le milieu littéraire parisien et « Tu ne traverseras pas le détroit », un texte puissant sur le drame des harragas. Comme journaliste, Salim Jay est connu notamment pour avoir réalisé une série d’entretiens avec le regretté écrivain Mohammed Dib, sur la radio France-Culture.
Actuellement, il anime une rubrique littéraire dans le magazine Qantara et écrit, depuis Paris, une chronique quotidienne qui paraît dans le quotidien casablancais Le Soir Échos. À l’occasion de la publication de son dernier livre « Le Dictionnaire des romanciers algériens », Salim Jay a bien voulu répondre aux questions du Quotidien d’Oran.
Le Quotidien d’Oran.: Salim Jay, vous venez de publier ce mois de mars 2018, chez l’éditeur casablancais La croisée des chemins, un «Dictionnaire des romanciers algériens» qui va ressortir, en octobre prochain, également à Paris.
Pour quelles raisons avez-vous entrepris un tel travail d’analyse et de compilation ? Rappelons que vous avez publié, en 2005, un «Dictionnaire des écrivains marocains», un ouvrage qui fait toujours référence.
Salim Jay : S’il y a compilation dans mon ouvrage, c’est seulement la reproduction d’une partie de mes propres articles consacrés à des écrivains algériens depuis plus de 40 ans, mais la part inédite est largement plus importante. Comme je le disais à Mohammed Dib, lors des entretiens qu’il m’accorda pour l’émission radiophonique de France-Culture «A voix nue», j’avais d’abord découvert son œuvre dans un manuel, durant ma scolarité. J’ai eu ensuite, adolescent, la chance que le metteur en scène marocain Farid Ben M’barek me donne à lire en revue «Mohammed prends ta valise» de Kateb Yacine. La chance a fait que je me suis trouvé en 1969 ou 1970, je ne sais plus, au Théâtre de l’Ouest parisien, observant comment Mohamed Boudia dirigeait des comédiens sur ce texte. Suprême hasard, la dernière fois que je vis Kateb Yacine, j’habitais dans le XIVe arrondissement de Paris, dans ma même rue que son ami sculpteur Bouhadef, et Kateb portait tant bien que mal une énorme valise. Je la lui pris des mains. C’est vous dire que ma relation à la littérature algérienne n’est pas seulement constituée de centaines d’heures de lecture. J’ai même eu la chance d’interviewer Mouloud Mammeri pour la radio marocaine mais ce dont je me souviens avec le plus d’émotion, c’est de m’être trouvé à la terrasse du Balima, à Rabat, et d’avoir conversé avec le poète Moufdi Zakaria dont j’ignorais alors qu’il était l’auteur des paroles de l’hymne national algérien.
C’est vous dire combien la chance a joué son rôle dans ma constante attention à la littérature algérienne ! Pour rédiger ce Dictionnaire, j’ai profité de mes écrits anciens mais j’ai surtout choisi de découvrir des romans d’auteurs perdus de vue ou dont les livres, plus récents, n’ont pas bénéficié de la notoriété qu’ils méritent pourtant, selon moi. Et c’est par dizaines que j’ai ainsi lu et commenté des écrivains doués et demeurés dans l’angle mort.
Q.O.: Votre compagnonnage avec la littérature algérienne est ancien. Quels seraient, selon-vous, les grandes «lignes de démarcation» qui marqueraient son évolution, depuis, disons, les premiers textes de Feraoun, Dib, Kateb, jusqu’aux jeunes romanciers des années 2000 ? Peut-on décrire cette littérature algérienne comme un univers homogène ou, au contraire, donne-t-elle l’image d’une sorte de magma en ébullition ?
S. J.: Un Dictionnaire ne se découpe pas par périodes mais égrène des patronymes dans l’ordre alphabétique. Cependant, il m’arrive de revenir sur certains auteurs dans d’autres entrées que celle qui leur est spécifiquement consacrée. Cela me permet d’indiquer l’influence de tel ou tel ou de comparer la manière que des écrivains ont de traiter des événements ou des situations qui les ont marqués. Ce qui m’a frappé en plongeant si longtemps dans cet océan de mots, c’est, contrairement aux idées reçues, la variété des tempéraments et des univers. Au sein d’une même œuvre, et l’exemple le plus admirable est celui de Mohammed Dib, il peut y avoir un renouvellement constant de l’inspiration. C’est également manifeste, entre autres, chez le romancier de langue arabe Waciny Laredj mais on pourrait citer tout aussi bien Habib Tengour qui écrit en français. Il y a tant de monde dans mon «Dictionnaire des romanciers algériens» que j’éprouve quelque scrupule à citer tel ou tel. Je suis particulièrement heureux d’avoir eu l’occasion de saluer l’œuvre de Myriam Ben et notamment sa longue nouvelle «L’enfant à la flûte» où elle se raconte jeune institutrice mêlée au combat de ses camarades maquisards. Je suis aussi heureux d’avoir pu évoquer longuement Rabah Belamri, Mourad Bourboune et aussi les textes de prose du poète Malek Alloula.
Mais je n’en finirais pas de citer les romanciers que je me réjouis d’avoir évoqués dans mon livre, en plus des noms qui viendront naturellement à l’esprit de chaque lecteur.
Q.O.: Dites-nous quelques mots sur la littérature algérienne d’aujourd’hui et les grands noms qui font sa renommée, les Kamel Daoud, Boualem Sansal, Waciny Laredj, Amin Zaoui
, etc.?
S.J.: Ce que vous appelez les grands noms d’aujourd’hui, ce sont les auteurs bénéficiant de la plus importante couverture médiatique, ce qui n’enlève rien à leur talent, bien sûr, mais je me suis aussi préoccupé de faire connaître des écrivains moins bien défendus dans la presse.
Qui connaît le merveilleux roman de Zadig Hamroune «Le pain de l’exil» ? Lit-on Bachir Mefti autant qu’il le mérite ? Et publiera-t-on un jour en Algérie l’étonnant roman d’Abdel Hafed Benotman «Eboueur sur échafaud» qui date de 2003 ?
Q.O.: Au cours de votre immersion dans la littérature algérienne, vous avez voulu, selon les mots de votre éditeur, «rendre justice à tant de nouvelles voix très originales». L’écriture de votre «Dictionnaire des romanciers algériens» a-t-elle été l’occasion de découvertes littéraires, de belles surprises de lecture?
S. J.: J’ai été particulièrement heureux de lire et de chercher à faire lire Aziz Chouaki, Ali Magoudi, Adlene Meddi, dont le dernier roman «1994» est évoqué seulement dans la réédition de mon Dictionnaire à paraître en octobre à Paris, huit mois après sa publication à Casablanca. J’ai aussi été très heureux de lire Mohamed Sari et de saluer «La Maquisarde» de Nora Hamdi ou encore les romans de Samira Sedira mais il y a tant d’œuvres qui m’ont requis
Q.O.: Si vous deviez trouver une place, une «enseigne», M. Salim Jay, pour la jeune littérature algérienne sur la scène littéraire mondiale actuelle, quelle serait-elle ?
S. J.: La seule chose dont je sois sûr à propos de la littérature algérienne, c’est qu’elle est beaucoup plus riche, beaucoup plus vaste et beaucoup plus surprenante que les idées reçues à son sujet.